123 Rijbewijs / Free theory lessons / Speed and distance
Lesson 2 / 16

Lesson: speed and distance

Know the speed limits, keep enough distance and understand how speed changes your stopping distance.

Last checked: November 2026

General speed limits for cars

These limits apply unless signs show something else:

  • Inside a built-up area: 50 km/h (many streets are 30 km/h zones, shown with signs)
  • Outside a built-up area: 80 km/h (some roads 60 km/h, shown with signs)
  • Expressway (autoweg): 100 km/h
  • Motorway: 100 km/h between 6:00 and 19:00; in the evening and at night a higher limit may apply where signs show it, for example 130 km/h
  • Residential zone (erf): walking pace

Signs and matrix signs

  • A round sign with a red border and a number is a maximum speed.
  • The same sign with grey diagonal lines means the limit has ended.
  • A number in a red circle on an electronic sign above your lane is a binding maximum speed.

Distance: the 2-second rule

Keep at least 2 seconds of distance to the vehicle in front. Choose a fixed point: when the car in front passes it, count "one thousand one, one thousand two". In rain, fog or on a slippery road, keep more distance.

Stopping distance

Stopping distance = reaction distance + braking distance.

  • An alert driver needs about 1 second to react. At 50 km/h you travel about 14 metres in that second; at 100 km/h about 28 metres.
  • Braking distance grows with the square of the speed: twice as fast means about four times as long.
  • On a wet road your braking distance becomes longer.

Overtaking

  • You normally overtake on the left. A vehicle that indicates left and is positioned to turn left may be overtaken on the right.
  • Before overtaking, check mirrors and blind spot, make sure nobody is overtaking you and that there is enough free space.
  • A continuous white line may not be crossed; a broken line may be crossed when it is safe.
  • While you are being overtaken, you may not speed up.
  • Keep to the right as much as possible; use the left lanes to overtake.

All lessons

Lesson 1

Priority rules

Who may go first? Priority mistakes are among the most common reasons for failing the Dutch exam. Learn the rules in a fixed order.

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Lesson 2

Speed and distance

Know the speed limits, keep enough distance and understand how speed changes your stopping distance.

Lesson 3

Road signs and markings

Once you understand the shapes and colours, most Dutch road signs are easy to read.

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Lesson 4

Motorway

Motorways are the safest roads in the Netherlands — if everybody follows the same rules.

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Lesson 5

Safety, alcohol and phone

These rules protect you, your passengers and other road users — and breaking them can cost you your licence.

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Lesson 6

Parking and stopping

Parking in the wrong place is expensive and can be dangerous. Learn the difference between stopping and parking, and where neither is allowed.

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Lesson 7

Cyclists and pedestrians

The Netherlands has more bicycles than people. Most exam mistakes with cyclists happen when turning, overtaking and opening a car door.

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Lesson 8

Traffic lights

Traffic lights look simple, but the exam asks about yellow, flashing lights, arrows and what to do when a police officer gives signals.

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Lesson 9

Railway crossings and trams

A train cannot stop or swerve. At a level crossing (overweg) the rules are strict and mistakes are often fatal.

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Lesson 10

Weather and visibility

Dutch weather changes fast. Adjust your speed and distance to the conditions — that is also what the exam expects.

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Lesson 11

Hazard perception

Good drivers see danger before it happens. Learn to look ahead and decide in time: brake, release the accelerator, or do nothing.

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Lesson 12

Breakdowns and accidents

Stay calm and follow a fixed order: make it safe, get help, then deal with the paperwork.

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Lesson 13

Documents, insurance and APK

Besides traffic rules, the exam also asks what you must carry and arrange as a driver and car owner.

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Lesson 14

Lanes and merging

Choosing the right lane in time and merging smoothly prevent many dangerous situations.

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Lesson 15

Special roads and zones

Some roads and areas have their own rules. Signs at the start tell you that you enter them.

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Lesson 16

Economical driving

Driving economically saves fuel and money, is better for the environment and is often safer too.

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